Libya and the united nations security council resolution unscr 1973 posted 24032011 by marty harris the wave of protests sweeping across the middle east in recent months has seen demands for democratic reforms and regime change in several countries, including tunisia, egypt, yemen and bahrain. The evidence suggests that states decided to intervene in libya prior to sanction from the united nations security councils resolution 1973. The security council, recalling its resolution 1970 2011 of 26 february 2011. Expressing grave concern at the deteriorating situation, the escalation of violence, and the heavy civilian casualties. Move helps to repair damage caused by the iraq war, and the failure then of the security council to authorise the use of force. Uns libya resolution 1973 is better late than never. The resolution empowers the newly established libyan sanctions committee to impose sanctions on those who violate the arms embargo, including by providing qadhafi with mercenaries. Panel of experts on libya established pursuant to resolution 1973 2011. Military operations in libya house of commons library. This paper examines libyas most recent and ongoing uprisingfollowing the largely peaceful popular overthrows of the repressive governments in neighboring tunisia. While the scope and limits of the authorization to use armed force in. The resolution banned all flights into libyan airspace to protect civilianpopulated areas from air attacks, with the exception of flights used for humanitarian and aid purposes. I spent much of yesterday conducting interviews with the media about the situation in libya.
Global nato and the catastrophic failure in libya on jstor. Voting to adopt this resolution constituted the most important part of the major responses to the crisis trigger from the uk, us, and france. United nations security council resolution 1973 wikipedia. Finally, the council established a panel of experts to monitor and enhance short and longterm implementation of the sanctions on libya. The military intervention in libya on the basis of united nations security council resolution 1973 raises important questions with regard to the legality and legitimacy of forceful regime change. While the resolution is in accordance with the generally accepted postcold war practice of the security council, its scope and limits are not. Action, filename, size, access, description, license. Interpretation of security council resolution 1973 on libya. On 17 march, the unsc voted to adopt resolution 1973, which imposed a nofly zone over libyan airspace in order to protect civilians.
The comprehensive resolution also included provisions for a more robust arms embargo and called for travel bans and asset freezes on additional libyan individuals, companies, banks and other entities. This note looks briefly at some of the current questions. Reiterating the responsibility of the libyan authorities to protect the libyan population and reaffirming. Decides to renew until 31 may 2020 the measures imposed by paragraphs 9 and 12 of resolution 2206 2015, as renewed by paragraph 12 of resolution 2428 2018, and reaffirms the provisions of paragraphs 10, 11, 14 and 15 of resolution 2206 2015, and paragraphs, 14, 15 and 16 of resolution 2428 2018. Ochadavid ohana on 17 march the security council adopted resolution 1973 2011 which authorizes the use of force in libya to protect civilians from attack. Unitednationssecurity council resolution1973andthe authorizationofuseof forcein. In resolution 1973 the security council recalls its earlier resolution 1970, which together with resolution 1973 have a combined and cumulative effect. United nations by international business times us ed.
The council then adopted resolution 1973 2011 by a vote of 10 in favour to none against, with 5 abstentions brazil, china, germany, india, russian federation. Security council distr general 26 february 2011 1124558 e 1124558 resolution 1970 2011 adopted by the security council at its 6491st meeting, on 26 february 2011 the security council, expressing grave concern at the situation in the libyan arab jamahiriya and condemning the violence and use of force against civilians. Libya might be headed towards that direction, but the fact of the matter was that the. How far does the resolution permit the coalition now acting in. The specific mention of the situation in libya as a threat to international peace and security paves the way for action under chapter vii of the. United nations security council resolution 1973 2011. Pdf libya, resolution 1973 and the responsibility to protect r2p. United nations security council resolution 1973, on the situation in libya, is a measure that was adopted on 17 march 2011. While it did issue a statement expressing deep concern over the violence in libya, the au initially sought a diplomatic solution, and refused a military interven. The implementation of the united nations security council. In followup to resolution 1970, the security council met on 17 march to confront the increasing threat to populations and voted on resolution 1973, calling for a nofly zone as well as a ceasefire. Her research interests focus on critical approaches to international law. Resolution 1973 2011 adopted by the security council at its 6498th meeting, on 17 march 2011 the security council, recalling its resolution 1970 2011 of 26 february 2011, deploring the failure of the libyan authorities to comply with resolution 1970 2011, expressing grave concern at the deteriorating situation, the escalation of. The law of politics author biography monica naime is currently a graduate student of international law at the graduate institute of international and development studies geneva as a recipient of a scholarship from the state of mexico.
Resolution 1973 was passed and allowed for the establishment of a nofly zone, a group of officials to manage political intervention, support of rebel forces in libya, which were all aimed at putting pressure on the colonel, and the libyan arab jamahiriya to step down. Resolution 1973 authorizes chapter vii measures for the protection of civilians in libya, authorizes member states to take all necessary measures to protect civilians and civilian populated areas under threat of attack in libya, and imposes both a nofly. The security council resolution was proposed by france, lebanon, and the united kingdom ten security council members voted in the affirmative bosnia and herzegovina, colombia, gabon, lebanon, nigeria, portugal, south africa, and permanent members france, the united. Urges the government of national accord to improve further the monitoring and control of arms or related materiel that are supplied, sold or transferred to libya in accordance with paragraph 9 c of resolution 1970 2011 or paragraph 8 of resolution 2174 2014, including through the use of end user certificates issued by the government of. In support of unscr 1973, nato then agreed to enforce the unmandated nofly zone over libya on 24 march 2011. Interpretation of security council resolution 1973 on libya pdf, 103 kb what the rules of engagement are in libya, and how far coalition forces are allowed to go in protecting the civilian population are highly controversial. The united nations, military intervention, and regime. Deploring the failure of the libyan authorities to comply with. Just two days after resolution 1973 was adopted, french planes attacked gadhafis forces advancing on benghazi, and the u. Final report of the panel of experts on libya established. Resolution 1973 libya sres1973 global centre for the. Security council resolution 1973 2011 eufor in libya. A year after unscr 1973 e 2 the united nations security council resolution unscr 1973 was not the first time that the international community invoked the. Deploring the failure of the libyan authorities to comply with resolution 1970 2011.
Uns libya resolution 1973 is better late than never law. Countries in light green are the states that voted for the resolution. The law of politics abstract this paper analyzes recent developments in the intervention in libya from the perspective of international relations and international law. Natos methods in libya are also prompting questions. United nations security council resolution 1973, which authorized force in libya, also invoked the responsibility to protect as part of its argument for action. Security council resolution 1973 constitutes the legal basis for the armed operation by nato and its allies in libya. United nations security council resolution 1973, on the situation in libya, is a measure that. The law of politics 107 the relative absence of the au in the debate on intervention, on the other hand, was evident.
Letter dated 29 november 2019 from the panel of experts on libya. The resolution was proposed by the uk, france, and lebanon. Interpretation of security council resolution 1973 on libya house. Recalling its resolution 1970 2011 of 26 february 2011. Final report of the panel of experts on libya established pursuant to.
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